时态语态——
时间:现在,过去,将来,过去将来
形态:一般,进行,完成,完成进行
16种基本时态对应的被动语态
名称 | 用法 | 相关时间 | 结构 | 一般疑问句 | 否定句 |
1、一般现在时 | 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况或者表明现在的某个状态。 | often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week,month), once a week, on Mondays, etc. | 1.be动词 2.行为动词 主语+be+其他 | 1.把动词be放于句首。 2.用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原为动词原形。 | 1.am/is/are+not 2.此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t;若主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词。 |
2、现在进行时 | 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。 | now, at this time, these days, etc. | 主语+am/ is/ are +doing | 把be动词放在句首。 | 主语+am/ is/ are +not +doing |
3、一般过去时 | 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 | ago, yesterday, last week(month, year…), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc. | 1. was/were 2.行为动词过去式 | 1.把was或 were放于句首。 2.用助动词did提问,同时还原为动词原形。 | 1.主语+was/were+ not 2. 在行为动词前加do在其前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。 |
4、过去进行时 | 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作或行为。 | at this time yesterday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 | 主语+was/ were+ doing | 把was或were放在句首。 | 主语+was/ were+ not+ doing |
5、现在完成时 | 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的一向或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 | already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently,in the past few years, 等,及由for或since引导的时间状语。 | have/ has +done | 把have或has放在句首。 | have/ has +not+ done |
6、一般将来时 | 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 | tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ,next Sunday/week/year/month, soon, in a few days minutes, etc | 1.be going to +do2.will /shall+do | 1.be放在句首。2.will/shall提到句首。 | 1.be going to+not+ do 2.will /shall+not+ do |
7、过去完成时 | 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或情况。表示“过去的过去” | by, before等构成的过去时间短语连用或用于when, before, until等引导的从句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引导的宾语从句中, | had+ done
| had放于句首。 | had+ not+ done |
8、过去将来时 | 表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。 | The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc. | 1.would+do 2.was/ were going to +do | 1.would 提到句首。 2.was 或were放于句首。 | 1.would+not+ do 2.was/were +not+ going to +do |
9、一般过去将来时 | 立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中 | The next day(morning, Year) The following month (week) etc | 1,Was/were+going to+do 2,would/should+do+其他 | Was/were放于句首,would/should提到句首 | 1,Was/were+not+going to+do 2,would/should+not+do |
10、过去将来进行时 | 就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,多用于间接引语 | Shoud/would+be+现在分词 | 例句:They said they would be coming。He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting. | ||
11、将来完成时 | 在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 | By the time of,by the end of+时间短语(将来)by the time+从句(将来) | 主语+be going to/will/shall+shall+have+p,p(过去分词)+其他 | 例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area | |
12、过去将来完成时 | 过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反 | Should/would have done sth | 例句:I thought you'd have left by this time He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock | ||
13、现在完成进行时 | 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍然在继续,并可能延续到将来 | Since+时间点, for+时间段 | Hanv/has+been+doing+其他
| 例句:I have been sitting here for an hour The children have been watching TV since six o'clock. | |
14、过去完成进行时 | 某正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束 | 特殊含义:1,尚未完成:He had been writing the novel 他已经在写小说了(他没写完) 2,企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb他曾今学习过这个谚语(他曾经努力学习过他) 3,未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said 我们一直致力于敌人所说的(但是我们没有理解)
| had+been+doing+其他 | 4,最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近) 5,反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题(屡次) 6,情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么(不耐烦) | 例句:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam Had they been expecting the news for some time? |
15、将来完成时 | 表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。 | Shall/will have been doing | 例句:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year
| ||
16、过去将来完成时 | 表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。 | Should/would+have+been+现在分词 | 例句:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years. |
(来源:网络)
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